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talesof4chan: Shitstormhttp://talesof4chan.tumblr.com/
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burningveins: blasianxbri: LMAO. THESE TWEETS ARE KILLING ME...
LMAO.
THESE TWEETS ARE KILLING ME LMFAO
Daenerys + the elements
Daenerys + the elements
txchnologist: by Txchnologist Staff This is Bill Jones, a...
This is Bill Jones, a master scientific glassware maker who has been working at GE Global Research in Niskayuna, N.Y., for 33 years. Jones and his team are responsible for creating bespoke glass labware for scientists conducting experiments and developing high-tech materials.
Here, Jones is heating a tube of almost pure quartz to its softening point of around 1,700 degrees Celsius using hydrogen- and oxygen-burning torches. He then shapes the material, which is spinning on a modified lathe, according to the needs of the experiment it will be used in.
understandingtheuniverse: Infrared: Beyond the Visible The...
Jupiter
Spiral Galaxy M101/ Pinwheel Galaxy
Andromeda Galaxy
The answers to some of the universe's greatest mysteries are being beamed through the night sky in light we can't see with human eyes…but it won't be invisible to us forever. "Infrared: Beyond the Visible" explores the wonder of infrared astronomy and the promise of the upcoming Webb Space Telescope. Get a sense of the sights Webb will capture, with its Hubble-sharp vision and ability to reach into the farthest depths of space and time.
Watch the video here: X
and read the comic here: X
puncrocs: andthenewt: superwholockgarfield: morgrana: OMG so I just figured out the word...
OMG so I just figured out the word "hurt"
it's past, present and future
you will be hurt
you are hurt
you were hurt
BECAUSE IF SOMETHING TRULY HURT, IT NEVER REALLY STOPS
you poetic little shit
are you ed sheeran
its a fucking adjective of course it doesnt change
ealperin: batmansgirl2: ealperin: drivenbats: "What are you...
"What are you dressed as? Green Lantern Deadpool? Dead Lantern? Green Pool?"
"…I'm Ryan Reynolds…"
at Fan Expo 2012
^Best. Cosplay. Ever.^
Awesome cosplay!
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victoriousvocabulary: GRIMOIRE [noun] a textbook of magic. Such...
GRIMOIRE
[noun]
a textbook of magic. Such books typically include instructions on how to create magical objects like talismans and amulets, how to perform magical spells, charms and divination and also how to summon or invoke supernatural entities such as angels, spirits, and demons. In many cases, the books themselves are also believed to be imbued with magical powers, though in many cultures, other sacred texts that are not grimoires, such as the Bible, have also been believed to have magical properties intrinsically; in this manner while all books on magic can be thought of as grimoires, not all magical books can be considered to be grimoires.
Etymology: French, alteration of grammaire (grammar, grammar book, learned work, book of witchcraft).
turner-d-century: xombiedirge: Descent Into Madness by Jed...
Close Up Detail - Batman
Close Up Detail - Joker
Descent Into Madness by Jed Henry / Tumblr / Store
Part of the Ukiyo-e Heroes 2 art show opening today, 1st June 2013, at Gallery Nucleus
Batman and the Joker Japanese ukiyo-e style,
iguanamouth: I KEEP THINKING ABOUT DINOSAUR BONES LIKE SOME OF THEM ARE SO FUCKING BIG YOU KNOW...
I KEEP THINKING ABOUT DINOSAUR BONES LIKE SOME OF THEM ARE SO FUCKING BIG YOU KNOW PEOPLE USED TO DIG THOSE UP AND THINK THEY WERE FROM DRAGONS THE LARGEST SKULL EVER FOUND WAS OVER 8 GODDAMN FEET LONG FROM A TOROSAURUS THATS FUCKING INSANE IM SO PUMPED ABOUT THIS I LOV E DINOSAURS LETS GO BURN DOWN THE POST OFFICE
thenewenlightenmentage: What are the Four Fundamental Forces of...
What are the Four Fundamental Forces of Nature?
Correction! What are the known forces of nature? Looking at the top graphic and going from left to right and then top to bottom, the forces of nature in that order are weak nuclear force, electromagnetism, strong nuclear force and gravity. Let's learn more about them!
Weak Nuclear Force
One of the four fundamental forces, the weak interaction involves the exchange of the intermediate vector bosons, the W and the Z. Since the mass of these particles is on the order of 80 GeV, the uncertainty principle dictates a range of about 10-18 meters which is about 0.1% of the diameter of a proton.
The weak interaction changes one flavor of quark into another. It is crucial to the structure of the universe in that
1. The sun would not burn without it since the weak interaction causes the transmutation p -> n so that deuterium can form and deuterium fusion can take place.
2. It is necessary for the buildup of heavy nuclei.
The role of the weak force in the transmutation of quarks makes it the interaction involved in many decays of nuclear particles which require a change of a quark from one flavor to another. It was in radioactive decay such as beta decay that the existence of the weak interaction was first revealed. The weak interaction is the only process in which a quark can change to another quark, or a lepton to another lepton - the so-called "flavor changes".1
So called flavor changes, huh? Sounds tasty!
Electromagnetism
One of the four fundamental forces, the electromagnetic force manifests itself through the forces between charges (Coulomb's Law) and the magnetic force, both of which are summarized in the Lorentz force law. Fundamentally, both magnetic and electric forces are manifestations of an exchange force involving the exchange of photons . The quantum approach to the electromagnetic force is called quantum electrodynamics or QED. The electromagnetic force is a force of infinite range which obeys the inverse square law, and is of the same form as the gravity force.
The electromagnetic force holds atoms and molecules together. In fact, the forces of electric attraction and repulsion of electric charges are so dominant over the other three fundamental forces that they can be considered to be negligible as determiners of atomic and molecular structure. Even magnetic effects are usually apparent only at high resolutions, and as small corrections.2
Wait, wait, wait! A little history: James Clerk Maxwell, in simplifying Michael Faraday's work, discovered that electricity and magnetism are related.
Strong Nuclear Force
A force which can hold a nucleus together against the enormous forces of repulsion of the protons is strong indeed. However, it is not an inverse square force like the electromagnetic force and it has a very short range. Yukawa modeled the strong force as an exchange force in which the exchange particles are pions and other heavier particles. The range of a particle exchange force is limited by the uncertainty principle. It is the strongest of the four fundamental forces
Since the protons and neutrons which make up the nucleus are themselves considered to be made up of quarks, and the quarks are considered to be held together by the color force, the strong force between nucleons may be considered to be a residual color force. In the standard model, therefore, the basic exchange particle is the gluon which mediates the forces between quarks. Since the individual gluons and quarks are contained within the proton or neutron, the masses attributed to them cannot be used in the range relationship to predict the range of the force. When something is viewed as emerging from a proton or neutron, then it must be at least a quark-antiquark pair, so it is then plausible that the pion as the lightest meson should serve as a predictor of the maximum range of the strong force between nucleons.3
Gravity
Gravity is the weakest of the four fundamental forces, yet it is the dominant force in the universe for shaping the large scale structure of galaxies, stars, etc. The gravitational force between two masses m1 and m2 is given by the relationship:
This is often called the "universal law of gravitation" and G the universal gravitation constant. It is an example of an inverse square law force. The force is always attractive and acts along the line joining the centers of mass of the two masses. The forces on the two masses are equal in size but opposite in direction, obeying Newton's third law. Viewed as an exchange force, the massless exchange particle is called the graviton.
The gravity force has the same form as Coulomb's law for the forces between electric charges, i.e., it is an inverse square law force which depends upon the product of the two interacting sources. This led Einstein to start with the electromagnetic force and gravity as the first attempt to demonstrate the unification of the fundamental forces. It turns out that this was the wrong place to start, and that gravity will be the last of the forces to unify with the other three forces. Electroweak unification (unification of the electromagnetic and weak forces) was demonstrated in 1983, a result which could not be anticipated in the time of Einstein's search. It now appears that the common form of the gravity and electromagnetic forces arises from the fact that each of them involves an exchange particle of zero mass, not because of an inherent symmetry which would make them easy to unify.4
Other Forces?
Repulsion
That's why it was necessary to stress that the above are the known forces. If gravity is an attractive force, then almost intuitively one can posit the existence of a repulsive force. Last year, Massimo Villata, an astrophysicist at the Observatory of Turin in Italy, suggested that the effects of dark energy are a sort of anti-gravity. He stated the following:
Usually this repulsion is ascribed to a mysterious dark energy that would uniformly permeate the cosmos, but nobody knows what it is nor why it behaves this way. We are replacing an unknown force caused by an unknown element with the repulsive gravity of the well-known antimatter.5
The repulsive force is said to be the engine of our accelerating universe.
Dark Force
The reason this is strange is that dark matter is thought to barely interact with itself. The dark matter should just coast through itself and move at the same speed as the hardly interacting galaxies. Instead, it looks like the dark matter is crashing into something—perhaps itself—and slowing down faster than the galaxies are. But this would require the dark matter to be able to interact with itself in a completely new an unexpected way, a "dark force" that affects only dark matter. This would be a new fundamental force of the universe, in addition to the four known forces: gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak forces.6
Crashing into…itself? Go home dark matter you're drunk!
Dark Flow
One theory put forth about the observations fits theoretical models purported by string theory, of how a 'sister' or 'twin' universe may be pulling at our own, which would account for what we're observing with the clusters traveling so quickly. Regardless, the structure is not thought to be a part of our own simply because we haven't observed anything that could have an immeasurable mass to accomplish anything similar to what we're observing here. It is possible though, that there is a yet-to-be-seen neighboring part of our universe that underwent inflation much differently than our section did. Interestingly, maybe the answer to this riddle could potentially overhaul our theories about dark matter and dark energy, perhaps? It's hard to say, but it does present some interesting questions.
"If our universe is all that's there, then the liquid in the box shouldn't be sliding. Whatever is pulling it has to be bigger than the size of the box," she said. "There is a structure beyond the horizon of our universe and that structure is exerting a force on our universe and creating this flow."7
In a sense, dark flow can be visualized as the gravity of another universe. Gravity is proportional to an object's mass; so the gravity of another universe would have quite the tug. For the latest on dark flow read here.
Ultimately, the known forces may not be alone in running the town that is our universe. There may be some new sheriffs in town; unfortunately, they might be hiding in the dark.
1 http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html#c4
2 http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html#c3
3 http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html#c2
4 http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/grav.html#grav
5 http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/02/120215-dark-energy-antimatter-physics-alternate-space-science/
6 http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/01/musket-ball-dark-force/
7 http://www.fromquarkstoquasars.com/dark-flow/
GIF Courtesy: Watch Here
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garlic-breadgasm: I can hear my brother have sex with his girlfriend next door and there is just a...
I can hear my brother have sex with his girlfriend next door and there is just a lot of bed creaking and I just heard her say 'Are you even trying?' and I laughed so hard my brother came into the room to tell me to fuck off
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ungoliantschilde: Alex Maleev is amazing.
Alex Maleev is amazing.
Facing this stuff in real life is not like school.
Facing this stuff in real life is not like school.
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